Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise, written by Henry Clay, attempted to limit the slavery boundaries; it was later declared unconstitutional and is also considered one of many events that led to the American Civil War. The compromise became a precedent for settling subsequent North and South disagreements over slavery and duty issues, and it remained in effect until rescinded by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. The Missouri Compromise eased tensions between the North and the South delaying the civil war The American Civil War.However, it is also considered one of the causes of the civil war because it increased the division of beliefs between the North and SouthThus, the Missouri compromise played an important role in the development of the American Civil War. In February, 1819, the House of Representatives considered a bill authorizing the territory of Missouri to frame a constitution. In the past, territories south of the Mason Dixon Line had been automatically made in to slave states. Most of Missouri is north of that line but many of its citizens were slaveholders.A bill to permit slavery in Missouri on a temporary basis, but prohibiting further entry of slaves, passed the House but was rejected by the Senate. Meanwhile, Alabama had been admitted as a slave state, making the number of slave and free states 11 each. As this would ruin the balance between Slave states and Free states in the Senate, Henry Clay proposed the Missouri compromise. The Missouri compromise was created in order to ease tensions between the northern, anti-slavery states, and southern, pro-slavery, states for equal votes in the House of Representatives.It was used in maintaining balance in power between free and slave states, in an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Henry Clay of Kentucky is known as the â€Å"Great Compr omiser†. Clay served in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he was elected speaker of the house six times. Prior to Clay holding the position, the speaker of the house had a minor role, but Clay shaped the speakership nto a very important and influential job. Clay received his nickname with his masterful negotiation of issues that threatened to tear the relatively new country apart. Henry Clay grew up in Kentucky and represented Kentucky, which was a border state between the South and North, because of this Henry Clay was able to relate to both the North’s and South’s beliefs on slavery. Since Henry Clay knew both sides of slavery he was able to act as an unbiased representative for the senate and was able to create the Missouri compromise without bias.The Missouri compromise included a solution to the dispute caused by Missouri wanting to become a new slave state. Largely through the efforts of Henry Clay the amendment was accepted by the Hou se. Missouri was authorized to submit a proslavery constitution and Maine was admitted to the Union. The Missouri constitution was presented to Congress for approval in 1821. It included a paragraph requiring the legislature to prevent the immigration of free blacks into the state. The antislavery faction in Congress objected to this provision and a compromise bill, often called the Second Missouri Compromise, was passed on March 2, 1821.This measure forbade Missouri to limit the rights guaranteed to all citizens by the federal government, meaning it could not ban the entry of free blacks into the state. Missouri was admitted on August 10, 1821, with the exception of Missouri, this law prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 ° 30? latitude line. The Missouri compromise was successful for almost 30 years. It provided a short-term solution to the problem and delayed the beginning of the American Civil War.However, conditions in the United States undermined the Missouri compromise and made it difficult to be used. This plan was criticized by many southerners because it would establish a principle that Congress could make laws regarding slavery and the north felt it gave into slavery. In 1854, the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Three years later the Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories.It is obvious that the Missouri Compromise could do nothing to prevent the oncoming violence of the Civil War. This shows that although compromise is the preferable option it was not a viable option to prevent the American Civil War. The difference between the North and South were far to numerous and significant to be satisfied by compromise. Sadly in human history it is often results so that it is only possible to resolve conflicts with violence. Missouri Compromise Missouri CompromiseWithin American history, the events leading up to the Civil War tell an interesting story of the mindset of Northerners and Southerners at the time.   One of the most fascinating questions to discuss is why the issue of admitting Missouri to the Union precipitated a major national crisis and why the North and the South each agreed to the terms of the Missouri Compromise.   First, the matter of admitting Missouri to the Union and the major national crisis it stirred.At the time that Missouri was seeking statehood, the number of free and slave states was equally split, and the admission of Missouri as a slave state would tip Congressional advantage in terms of the states toward those that were pro-slavery (Phillips, 2002).   This issue threatened to divide the nation in a radical and violent way, but ultimately, this would not happen for nearly 40 more years and the onset of the Civil War.   This was averted when the North and South each agreed to the terms o f the Missouri Compromise, based on the concession that Missouri made when the soon-to-be state agreed not to violate the federal Constitutional rights of any of its citizens in its state constitution.   While the issue of slavery would eventually come to a boil, the Missouri Compromise held the peace for a time.ReferencesPhillips, C. (2002). â€Å"The Crime against Missouri†: Slavery, Kansas, and the Cant of Southerners in the Border West. Civil War History, 48(1), 60+.

Democracy & America

In the world today and in America, democracy is the most valued and the vaguest political terms in the current political times and campaigns. The term democracy by definition is a governmental system in which the citizens retain and exercise the political sovereignty. This means that the citizens of a country have a direct say and would contribute in the administration of the country through one of their elected representative.The democracy in America is controlled by two major principles that has to be observed, these are; citizens have equal access to power and are guarded the same while the second one is that, the same power guards all members to enjoy the societal freedoms and liberties. Another very clear definition of democracy is that, it is a form of government which is constituted by the people of a country and in which the supreme power of that government is vested on the same people who constitute it.3 This government by the people lack any form of hereditary or class dist inction differentiation on class basis or privileges. True democracy is voted for by the majority and one that serves and works for the interest of the people, although in any country true democracy is not being experienced by the citizens, they have a voice during elections. This allows the citizens to elect whoever will represent their particular interest and standards. 4In the world there are three major types of democracy that are well known, namely direct democracy, representative democracy and liberal democracy; Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which the citizens have the right and the responsibility to attend meetings the national assembly and participate in the making of policies. In this case all the directly contribute and affect the decision making process. This system has representatives who drew the agendas for such assembly meetings.In this kind of democracy all the citizens have the right to vote and hold offices and it is the duty of all the citizens in a c ountry to actively participate in the decision making process which is determined by the majority. 5 Representative democracy is the kind of democracy that is used in the American Democracy. This form of democracy is characterized by the fact that the citizens elect their representatives who make the decisions on their behalf. Representative democracy is practiced both at the state level, local levels and eve n at the institutions levels. 6The third form of democracy is liberal democracy which is a form of representative democracy in which the elected representatives that hold offices and have the power of decision making on behalf of the public are moderated by the rule of law (constitution). The rule of law in all circumstances emphasizes the protection of the individual rights and the rights of the minority groups in the society. The most basic rights to be protected by the rule of law are like the rights of assembly and speech, the rights to owe and use private property, the rig hts and freedom to religion and the right to be equal before the rule of law.This democracy is as well characterized by elections; it is also characterized multi party systems and also an independent judiciary. These forms of democracy are being practiced in different countries and they all have their advantages and disadvantages. 7 A society that experiences any kind of democracy among the ones discussed above must meet some of the minimum characteristics. Those characteristics have to be met for a society to be referred to as democratic.The main characteristic of a democratic society is to educate the whole society to understand what democracy is and to know their obligations, contributions and requirements as citizens in a democratic society. 8 After the education of the public about their democracy they should also experience that they have the power to choose and replace the government through free and fair elections, the citizens should be actively be involved in the politics and the civil life, the democratic government should have the ability to protect the human rights and in that society the rule of law (i.e. the laws and the procedures) to apply equally to al citizens. All these are the minimum qualifications for a democratic society. 9 A democratic society first is characterized by a political System by which there is competition for power. Democratic societies have the mandate of to choose their leaders and to ensure that they are held accountable for their policies and conduct in office. In this due process of election the people decide who will represent them in parliament and who will head the government at the national and local levels.This is done in a fee and fair elections. In this society the government is based on the decision of the citizens because they are sovereign. In this society the elected representatives at the national and the local levels are always consulting their electorate and work according to their needs and representativ es. The principle of the public suggestion has to be observed since the public have the right and obligation to monitor their representatives business in the government and are free to criticize them.10 This requirement for a democratic society demands that free and fair elections be held after a regular interval as prescribed by law, this elections are not to be influenced by the people in power who do not have any right to extend their time in office without asking the consent of the people. In all democratic elections al the candidates also have the right to campaign freely and to present their ideologies to the voters.The whole process must be monitored by independent electoral observers and a committee that is to resolve any electoral disputes. 11 The second requirement to be met by a democratic society is that the citizens have a bigger responsibility to participate in public life. The society have the mandate and the obligations to be informed about public issues, they have t he obligation to watch carefully how their political representatives use the powers vested on them and to give their opinions and criticism on the same.This can only be achieved if the civil societies who represent a variety of interest and beliefs educate the public and especially women their democratic rights and responsibilities, improve their political skills, represent their common interests, and involve them in political life. In this system there is no one that should be forced to support any political party and the citizens should always be free to support any political party. 12The third requirement for a democratic society is that every citizen in the society has some basic right that is guaranteed under the international law and the state cannot take away from them. The citizens have the rights to have their own beliefs and to communicate freely. They too have the freedom of religion; this states that everyone is free to chose their own religion and to practice their reli gious norms as they deem fit for them. The citizens in such societies have the right to associate with other people and to be incorporate and to be incorporated in the organizations of their own choice.With all these freedoms and others, the state puts it upon the citizens to exercise these rights peacefully, with respect for the law and for the rights of others. 13 The fourth and last basic requirement for democracy in a society is that it be recognized as the rule of law. This rule of law protects the rights citizens, help in the maintenance of orders and helps to limit the power of government. In such a society all the citizens are treated equally under the rule of law and are not being discriminated based on their gender, race, religion or even the ethnic group.In this society the citizens are being protected by law and should never be arrested arbitrarily, they have the right to know their charges and anybody charged with a crime has the right to a fair, open and speedy public trial by an impartial public court. 14 In a democratic society no one is above the law and the law treats people equally. Although these are the requirements of any democratic society, all the societies in the world do not prove to obey them and to defend them. Therefore democracy is only a political term which is not put into practice.Work cited http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-liberal-democracy. htm Retrieved on 19th July 2008 Janda Kenneth and Et al (2004) The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America Houghton Mifflin Blaich Theodore Paul and Baumgartner Joseph Cornelius (1953) the Challenge of Democracy. Published by McGraw-Hill http://www. hewett. norfolk. sch. uk/CURRIC/POLIT/DEMOC. htm Retrieved on The 19th JULY 2008 http://college. hmco. com/polisci/janda/chall_dem/9e/student_home. html Retrieved on The July 19, 2008

An integral part of teaching

An integral part of teaching How and why we assess our children has a massive impact on their life in education and consequently on how and what we plan and teach, and how children learn. The National Curriculum defines assessment as â€Å"an integral part of teaching and learning† (1999, p.17), emphasising the value of assessing the process of learning and teaching as well as the outcome. Suggestions on a range of assessment strategies and tools are included in the curriculum but to enable teachers and schools to continue the development of good assessment practice, more detailed guidance is necessary. To begin with it is perhaps necessary to define ‘assessment’ as any process used to inform teachers as to a pupils progress and learning. There are many different types of assessment, usually discussed as different purposes of assessment – while these assessments certainly differ in several significant aspects; they are united in their aspirations of making a positive contribution to b ringing about learning. There are two main forms of assessment; formative and summative. I have observed both types in the classroom, recognising that the key to excellent assessment practice is to understand what each form and their methods contribute. From these observations I understand that in order to become successful in my pedagogy I need to construct my teaching to maximise the success of both formative and summative assessment in my classroom. To allow me competently use both assessment for learning and assessment of learning I must develop a range and knowledge of assessment purposes and strategies which I will now discuss. Formative assessment can provide a snapshot moment by moment picture of the success of teaching and learning. It provides the two way dialogue between educator and child, the knowledge which enhances pedagogy allowing teaching to become relevant and timely. Assessment for Learning in particular will be a clear focus for me as I look for opportunities to strengthen my own teaching practice, having observed first hand the strong contribution AfL, which the National Strategies defines as â€Å"a natural, integral and essential part of effective learning and teaching and is a key element of personalised learning. Teachers and children continually reflect on how learning is progressing, see where improvements can be and identify the next steps to take† (2004), can make towards effective teaching. It makes the difference between self-assured and stimulated pupils, and disenfranchised pupils who are uncertain of the rationale behind the learning objective. The case for clearly communicating the learning outcome to the class is picked up on by Clarke (2006). In my own experience and observation, this results in making learning relevant especially when the learning intention is placed in the context of previous and future learning. It also helps to illuminate which areas of subject knowledge are required to teach at which time and h ow this information or teaching of skills is to be structured. Clarke also recommends that the teacher works with children to identify success criteria. These are used to supply feedback to both pupils and the teacher regarding the extent to which the learning objective has been met. Consequently, the use of formative assessment enriches the process of teaching, planning and curriculum development. It can inform not only the short term goals for the class, but also the negotiated curriculum, as children are encouraged to become active learners by reflecting on their own progress and motivation. It must be stressed that not all assessment needs to be quantitative, nor does it need to be recorded .The teachers’ own reflective process is a vital part of assessment. The purpose of summative assessment is to illustrate that pupils have met their learning goals or reached a certain standard of accomplishment.

Defining Data Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Defining Data - Assignment Example (Edwards, 2011) Teradata has transformed a lot of business organizations by aiding in the heavy lifting associated with data management and analysis by providing prebuilt solutions such as analytic data solutions which dramatically reduce effort and risks. Teradata enables business organizations to simplify business intelligence by providing services that allow business access and actionable information. Teradata avails current data to business organizations that are in turn used in business decision. The data and information provided by Teradata to business organizations is decision ready thus allowing the business to analyze current and long term trends while providing instant alerts on problems and opportunity.(Edwards, 2011) Teradata is one of the leading data warehousing corporations there is. It is capable of managing its systems for maximum and all round throughput while catering for various organizational demands effectively. The company is contemplating on dynamically adopting workload mix in order to ensure fast response time and high throughput in addition to visualizing the current and long term trends given the evolving

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Civil War - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the American civil war, generally known as â€Å"The Civil war†, was fought in the period of 1861-1865. The Civil war burst out between the American state (the United States of America) and Southern slave states (‘Confederates’), which declared secession and rebelled against America; one of many triggering causes for that was slavery and poor lifestyle. The war centered in the areas of Mississippi and the Appalachian Mountains. President Lincoln had to face many challenges and embarrassments in the Western theatre of the civil war. The primary disaster for the United States’ federal army came when Lincoln planned to launch a campaign to get Mississippi as it was of primary and paramount strategic importance.   Lincoln thought that Vicksburg, Mississippi, would be a key to success if the American army managed to get through mountains. He ordered General Grant to move with around 32,000 men in the parallel of Mississippi river where other 40,000 men would meet him to start a joint offensive. But supply line of Grant was cut and the mission was foiled. This is considered as one of the major setbacks in the western theatre of war.   Another major military embarrassment was the Battle of Shiloh when Confederate forces  attacked the federal army on April 6. There were casualties of around 13,000 shot down dead out of 63,000 soldiers who took part in the battle, and the main reason behind this was that the exhausted federal army troops did not retreat in time.... In the spring of 1863, Abraham Lincoln ordered another attack to gain Mississippi. This campaign was going to be the turning point of war as the confederate forces had foiled a great attempt from the state army to get the mountain of Mississippi which was regarded as a place of great military and strategic significance in the western theatre of war. This time the state army did not risk themselves by routing a supply line from the northwest of Mississippi rather they used the dirt roads from the western sides which were drying after the rains. With the help of US navy boats and some massive supply routes, they were able to get the mountain of Mississippi. This campaign is regarded as a great success for the American army. On 10 April 1865, General Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, of the confederate army surrendered to the State army. This surrender is regarded as the key turning point in the civil war as it magnified the social division inside the con federate states and the morale went down which started the psychological defeat process of the confederate army in the region2. Question 3 Accompanying the highest number of casualties, the civil war came with many blood bathed war theatres and battles were very less decisive with self-depicted results of these battles. Some of the examples from the war history are given below which show that the primary intentions of many battles were not achieved; rather foiled at the end. After a great rest at Tullahoma, General Rosecrans planned to flush out General Bragg of the confederate army out of Chattanooga, a great strategic place having the high mountain areas which can be

My Experience with the Council Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Experience with the Council Form - Essay Example The council helped me accept diverse opinions than before, in addition to understanding those who disagreed with me. During the session, I noticed that it was interesting to listen to others particularly those who had different opinions from mine, especially when they supported them with studies and pieces of evidence. My little voice was thinking on their reactions, telling myself that they could be either right or wrong. I did not have a problem listening because I listened to each and everyone in the group and realized that life is cool when we communicate to each other, as well as when we give each other an opportunity to argue and speak his ideas. To add to this, I discovered that, if one believes what he says and have evidence, then your conversation has a great effect on other participants in the group session and everyone will agree with you. I also learned from the controversial topic that we can all discuss and come up with a correct answer, although I did not expect such a topic and therefore, my opinion was not changed since I hate to hear or talk about it, though it was nice to hear people give their opinions on it. During the group meeting and group presentation, some of my strengths as a group participant were supporting my opinions with studies and pieces of evidence, showing that marijuana should be kept illegal. I was also the only member who was against marijuana, and therefore, my position was a specialist opinion. I played the role of trying to convince them in regards to marijuana risks, but at the same time respecting their views, though they insisted that they had to read and see more studies on its risks. However, they tried changing my views but they could not give me any strong and logic pieces of evidence either. I have learned a lot from the group sessions, like having to listen to each and everyone, in addition to, those who disagree with me and respect their opinions. During the preparation of our presentation, leadership emerged from our group, where Tom was elected to be the leader, where he led us effectively. The leadership was also shared, where Eric helped Tom in leading us as well as, helping each one of us. He was helpful as well as a good friend. There was also satisfactory leadership in our group session because we all got A’s. It was also easy for us to make decisions on how our presentation would be structured. This is because we respected and understood each other, which is very important in group work. If group members do not understand and respect each other, the group becomes disorganized in their final presentation. The consensus was easily reached because we all worked as a team although there were members with different views, we still maintained the friendship.  Ã‚  

Nursing research community assessment paper Essay

Nursing research community assessment paper - Essay Example Community health nursing aims at ensuring that the individual, families and community can assess high standards of holistic health care services. This is viable through promoting health care lifestyles through education, public awareness and community activities (Clark, M.J.2003). This paper is inclined towards exposing a critical review of community nursing with a bias in Clearfield County. The community of study is Clearfield County the fourth largest county in the state of Pennsylvania .Clearfield covers an area of 1,143 square miles situated in the centre of Pennsylvania on the western slopes of Allegheny Mountains. According to 2000 population census it had a population of 83,382. Clearfield has a total population of 83,382 consisting of 41,741 male and 41,462 female. Majority who live in rural areas. The average household income is $30,176 and 12.5 percent of this population lives below the poverty line majority of who are between the ages of 18-64. Population distributed according to racial grounds but mainly speak English language. Largely the population consists of white that covers 97.4 percent, then other race like the Africa America covers 1.5%, American Indian 0.1%, Asian 0.3%, Latino 0.6%, and other races take up to 0.3%. The main economic activities consist of farming, lumbering, mining clay and coal, forestry, wildlife and railroading. There are a variet y of occupations in Clearfield. For instance many are involve in management sector covering 23.1%, sales and office 15.3%, forestry/ fishing0.9%, construction 11.7%, production 24.1% and service industry 15.3% (US. Census Bureau. 2004). Majority of the population live in the rural areas and practice lumbering and farming. In 1920 lumbering reduced and Clearfield residents engaged in mining of coal and clay. Unemployment and birth rate are very high for example, in 2000 alone it 9.9 and 9.6 respectively. Whereas the death rate was 11.3 in every 1000 people (Clark,

How students understand the lectures notes Essay

How students understand the lectures notes - Essay Example According to Hughes and Suritsky (2006), students usually struggle to keep pace with their lecturers and more often not sure on what to take down as notes. Majority do not like asking their fellow students for fear of disclosing their disability making it even more difficult to understand these notes. Other students find it very difficult to understand lecturer’s notes because of the language used. Some lecturers, for example, use English when lecturing, but English is not their first language. Following such lecturer’s notes is incredibly hard unless one makes a lot of extra efforts. Other lecturers use coded language and short sentences that are difficult to follow. Some use shorthand abbreviation and symbols that are hard to understand. However, there are other students who understand lecture notes with ease. According to research that was carried by Trent University (n.d), there are certain things that a student should do before, during and after the lecture. Before the lecture student should reflect on the topic and anticipate what will be covered. More importantly, one should review the previous lectures notes and do the assigned readings to anticipate on their relationship with the next lecture. During the lecture, one should not necessarily write down anything that is given out. Listen carefully for the main points, and cue words used by the lecturer. Know what to write down, for example, new facts and points which the lecturer pauses on or repeats. In addition, develop your personal note taking system. For instance, develop your own abbreviations and symbols and learn to write notes in point form. Research shows students who leave lecture halls before time lose a lot of significant information of what they learn (Longman and Atkinson, 2009). Instead, one should review the tutors notes after it ends. Outlining all the main points and filling all the blank

Bussiness Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bussiness Research Proposal - Essay Example Since different regions and countries have different cultures, it may well be assumed that some of the management styles that are effectively applied in these developed countries may not be effective in less developed countries or in other regions of the world. While several studies have been conducted to reveal the impact of transformational leadership in developed countries and a few less developed ones, quite a lot remains undone especially in the Middle East which generally has a culture that is different from those of the United States, and most western countries. It is this gap that this study seeks to fill by considering the application of transformational leadership in small businesses in Pakistan. This research will hence focus on transformational leadership and its effects on the performance of a sample of small organizations based in Pakistan. Since the Middle East is such a large region, and the number of organizations within it is quite numerous, this study will be limited to only small organizations within Pakistan. For the purpose of this research, the terms leadership and management will be considered as synonyms in spite of the differences that may exist between the two terms on strict consideration. The two terms will, in this respect, be used interchangeably without change in meaning. There are many leadership styles that can be applied by managers and supervisors to achieve organizational goals. Some leadership styles include autocratic, participative and laissez faire. Other leadership styles include transformational, situational and transactional leadership. With respect to personality, one leadership style that is commonly applied in different regions is transformational leadership. Each of these management styles has its advantages and disadvantages and impact organizational performance differently. The following sections are dedicated to describing and discussing leadership, leadership styles and the impact of

Do student's lose more than they gain in online writing class Essay

Do student's lose more than they gain in online writing class - Essay Example 142). Also, there is a gigantic level of dispassion created by the generic nature of these courses; both in the middle of students and educator, and in the middle of the student themselves. As I would see it, there is much lost to the all over the separation harbored by the online instructive stage. I observe that I am in concurrence with a lot of what Kiefer talks about all through her article. There is a lot of inquiries regarding whether there is as much esteem in web learning for some reasons. A standout amongst the most convincing motivations to uncertainty the viability of this technique for learning is the educator to student degree. Kiefer talks about, that "instructors of composing demand that understudies are best ready to figure out how to compose most successfully when they can make and react to particular dialect settings in little gatherings of understudies†. (Kiefer, 2005 p. 146) It bodes well to say that the more pupils there are in a class, the less individual consideration a teacher will give. Study and heading are basic in figuring out how to compose viably, and without the capacity to give this to an individual premise, there is a terrific probability of disappointment. It is likewise hindering to the educator showing the class; personal inclination asks approval for our activities. Instructors are certain to be more fulfilled in their calling in t he event that they are permitted the time and capacity to interface and aid their understudies to achievement. With an online configuration, particularly in as many-sided a subject as thinking of, it appears that the level of trouble with this is raised exponentially with the expanded number of going to understudies. Furthermore, with constrained capacity to seriously regulate singular understudies to perceive suitable written work setting, understudies are more averse to take away a firm understanding of what they are really expected to do. To further

Political commentator Essay Example for Free

Political commentator Essay Inspector Goole is an ingenious character; manipulated by Priestley to display many functions within the play, as he is used as a political commentator, universal inquisitor and truth seeker. -Many people view Inspector Goole as a representative for political and moral value, but overall, he is just a mere dramatic device, used for the purpose of delivering Priestleys opinion across to the audience, in the context of a domestic backdrop. The audience becomes first aquatinted with the character of Inspector Goole, when he enters the play at the beginning of Act One. -During this arrival, the Inspector interrupts Mr. Birling in midst of his pro-capitalist speech, thus disrupting the pretentious calm of middle-class luxury displayed before. -Mr. Birling, who represents the Capitalist opinion in full, speaks extremely arrogantly, as he believes that all knowledge and experience is held within his grasp:  Ive learnt in a good hard school of experience that a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own and (Mr Birling, act one). -Through this, Mr Birling shows that he is a Capitalist, and is one who feels that he has to take many risks to keep hold of his aesthetic power in status and money. He uses the speech to reveal all of his secrets and predictions around living life to the full, and in mid-flight of this, is rudely interrupted by the doorbell ringing. This doorbell acts as a dramatic device and medium for Inspector Gooles entrance. Its shrewd disturbance, possibly acting as a symbol for his disagreement in ethics, but also, the lack of respect for Mr Birlings Capitalist beliefs. Mr Birling is immediately phased by this impertinence, as just the Inspectors presence stops him from carrying on. The audience knows at this point that Birling isnt the great power figure that he made himself out to be and in fact, someone far greater has taken his dominating role for good. The Inspector is now number one. At first, the other characters are completely unaware of the Inspectors purpose within the play, as though they dont realise there is something to hide from. However, this arrogance and disregard for others is soon transformed, as they become conscious of the brutal truth of what they have done. Sheila and Eric become vividly changed, whereas the somewhat stubborn Mr and Mrs Birling remain seemingly callous within their original Capitalist views: but even with their supposed unchanged opinions, the effect of Inspector Goole steel haunts them, as all the characters will never be the same. The overall impression that surrounds Inspector Goole throughout the whole play is that of mystery and superior presence. This notion is partly created by the Inspectors manner but also his name, Goole, which is obviously an inference to mythical creatures of the medieval times, by the name of Ghouls. This similarity could just be a mere coincidence, but I think it is a metaphor, used to describe the Inspectors mystical character in short. Ghouls by legend are mysterious, magical creatures that are associated with death; and through this comparison, (plus the Inspectors style of just appearing with immediate authority), the same can be said about him. Priestley ultimately wanted to create a presence of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness (directional notes, Act one) and through the Inspectors deliberate name, manner and timing, he has created just that.  Paragraph 4 The Inspectors function as a Protagonist 1st Re-Draft  The most influential role of the Inspector and perhaps the most crucial in setting up his political authority within the play, is his imminent function as a Protagonist. In this role, Priestley has allowed the Inspectors character to immediately hold power and influence over the plot, thus giving him enough status to later deliver a political opinion to the audience. The first indication of the great power Inspector Goole has within the play, is only given upon his entrance into the plot, as it is then and only then, that the main proceedings are allowed to unfold. The audience is instantly left in suspense as they await the Inspectors motive for coming to the Birling household on such a joyous occasion. Although he immediately reveals his intentions: Id like some information, if you dont mind(The Inspector, Act one), they know he wants more. This mere information is all too trivial for Priestley to make such an atmosphere around the Inspector and thus, it is not viewed upon as just a light-hearted inquiry, but far more. The audience realises that the Inspector has immense power even enough to disrupt people of higher class; therefore they know he is here to reveal something life changing something important, and they wont stop watching until they find out exactly what. Throughout the play, Inspector Goole is the dominating character, as he leads the proceedings through immense interrogation. Every action he takes part in changes the reactions of the other characters, as he continually delivers Priestleys socialist opinion across to the audience. Before the Inspector enters though, Mr. Birling fulfils this role, as he roams through the dominion of a middle-class celebration, in flare of his true Capitalist mind. However, Birlings power is only temperamental, as it is immediately transferred to the Inspector as soon as he arrives into the plot. This switching of power and purpose between Inspector Goole and Mr Birling upsets the overall equilibrium of the play. The contrast of reign is thus shown vividly, as the pretentious calm of Capitalist wealth is rapidly morphed into the blunt truth of socialism. Priestley emphasises this change in mood specifically in his directional notes at the beginning of Act One:  The Lighting should be pink and intimate until the Inspector arrives, and then it should be brighter and harder (Directional notes). This change in light signifies the transferral of power between characters, but also the transformation of the plots tone. It shows that during Inspector Gooles entrance, the barrier of higher-class wealth does not matter, as he holds the power where no one can hide. Light in religious terms is a symbol for truth, and I think that this brighter light in the directional notes is a sign of the honesty in Inspector Goole, as Priestley shows the Inspectors beliefs to be pure and genuine.  Later on in the plot, after the Inspector has left, the other characters are close to restoring the equilibrium to how it previously was. They try to gain power back and delude themselves into thinking that the Inspectors existence was merely a hoax: There isnt any such Inspector. Weve been had. (Gerald, Act three).  The characters are purely interested in just their own statuses and therefore, try to make up excuses of why Inspector Gooles testament is not valid, so that in the end they can go about their lives, un-affected. However, the Inspectors power was so great and commanding, that Sheila and Eric are transformed and therefore, can not let the Inspectors morals go on forgotten. In the end, they stand up for what they believe, and in agreement with the Inspector they allow his reign to have justice until the very end the equilibrium of which, does not return.

Automated Classroom Monitoring System Essay Example for Free

Automated Classroom Monitoring System Essay Every academic institution aims outstanding scholastic performance of each and every student enrolled. Not only the schools but also the parents of these students hope to see their sons and daughters to excel in school with flying colors. In order to achieve so, students must attend their classes regularly so that they will be given the utmost standard learning experience. Class takes it to another level, an automated, secured and efficient attendance checking system. There are certain reasons why schools are encouraged to apply this kind of technology. Teachers nowadays are having problems in taking daily attendance of the students, sometimes they forget to take it or they will just simply give the class a blank paper to let them write their names and sign so it will serve their attendance and then later on who knows if that paper will be misplaced. This system will replace the obsolete swipe card system with finger authentication technology that is more reliable and accurate. With this technology, attendance will be recorded faster to the database with just a touch of the thumb. ____________________ is an automated system located on every classroom, equipped with biometric technology and automated SMS software, interfaced with a computer server where the database is then saved. Statement of the Problem School instructors have responsibilities inside the classroom towards the students. It is their duty to ensure all the students enrolled in that subject must benefit the lesson that the class is taking up at the moment. But sometimes teachers forgot to take class attendance or misplaced them. That’s why parents can not be guaranteed that the students are inside the school premises because the teachers do not have the data that will support the situation. The main objective of conducting this design is to improve the automated attendance monitoring system in academic institutions and to help the parents of the students to be able to monitor their child whether he/she attended school or has been cutting classes. Hypothesis of the Study 1. Ensures that the daily attendance of the class will be taken and a soft copy will be saved on a database and print a hard copy for the instructor’s documentation. 2. To limit the students from loitering in hallways during class hours. 3. Minimize the tardiness of students in attending classes. 4. Avoid altering school documents that are accessible only by the instructor in authority. 5. Provides parents the chance to monitor the attendance of students. 6. Enables the instructor to inform students if he/she is not going to be able to come in class on time or will be absent. 7. To replace the obsolete and inefficient swipe card technology with the finger print authentication biometric technology. 8. Saves class time for discussion instead of the traditional roll-call of the names of each student. Theoretical framework of the study This research is stimulated for the development of the school’s attendance monitoring system, provided with the biometrics technology and automated system. This will help the school authorities to have a permanent and more secured database management in attendance monitoring. A study from Teleron 2000 â€Å"Data Acquisition on Class Hour Attendance of the Faculty in Southwestern University† features the same concept as ____________, but his study is focusing only on school staff. Teleron used Barcodes on the staff’s ID that contains the data and the Bar code reader on the other hand reads the bar codes as the staff swipes the IDs. He recommends the use of biometric technology and further enhancement of his study, which convinced the researchers to push through to work with _______________________. Biometric devices nowadays are preferable than other authentication technologies such as barcodes and magnetic stripe scanners. This kind of technology is difficult to alter or tampered because it needs a unique pattern for authentication. Amazingly, human finger possesses unique ridges and valleys that differ from one human being from another, even identical twins. The first advantage of using this new technology is the uniqueness and it is also the main characteristic which allows biometrics technology to become more and more important in our lives. With uniqueness of biometrics technology, each individuals identification will be single most effective identification for that user. A chance of two users having the same identification in the biometrics security technology system is nearly zero (Tistarelli, 2009). Significance of the Study People who will be benefited by this project design favor those in: TEACHERS This innovated technology will be able to help the teachers to mark and update student class attendance quickly. He/She can easily print hard copies of the attendance in case of necessity. It will lessen wasted time on roll-calls and teacher can immediately proceed into his/her lecture. STUDENTS Our design will be mostly be benefited by the students. PARENTS/GUARDIANS The parents will easily track their sons and daughters’ attendance by simply sending the right keyword to the ____________ through Short Message Service (SMS). They will know at once when the students are really attending the class or cutting classes when the system will reply after they sent the SMS. They can also ask for a hard copy of the attendance, for example: they want the record for the whole month of January; the teacher will look up on the records of that particular student and then print it right away. Scope and Delimitation This design project aims to help the faculty and the entire student body of this institution to promote secure monitoring of the students’ attendance during class hours, and that parents will also be given the chance to know the student’s status first hand with just an SMS away. Researchers designed the biometric device to be located on every classroom only. Since the device is powered by electricity, a sudden loss of power will interrupt the whole system if there is an on-going entry, where it will take a few minutes for the generator to supply electricity temporarily for the system to resume. SMS feature of the system is limited only to the parent’s cellular number given to the administration encoded on the database. Other cellular numbers unknown to the database or not recorded can not be entertained by the system. Incase parents want to add or change phone numbers for the system; they have to submit a new form to the administration for approval and re-entry of data. Definition of Terms Listed below are the terminologies and the conceptual meaning used in the study. BIOMETRICS It is the measurement and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity. (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biometrics). FINGERPRINT SCANNER Fingerprint scanning essentially provides an identification of a person based on the acquisition and recognition of those unique patterns and ridges in a fingerprint. The actual fingerprint identification process will change slightly between products and systems. The basis of identification, however, is nearly the same. Standard systems are comprised of a sensor for scanning a fingerprint and a processor which stores the fingerprint database and software which compares and matches the fingerprint to the predefined database. Within the database, a fingerprint is usually matched to a reference number, or PIN number which is then matched to a persons name or account. (http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Computer_Science/2004/fingerprint.asp

Presentation on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Reflection

Presentation on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Reflection INTRODUCTION As a part of my Overseas Nursing Programme, I had to conduct a seminar presentation on any topic of my interest in front of students. I was given the date of presentation. Knowledge expands through communication and presentation is a means of communication and best applicable when delivering knowledge to a group. Presentation means A speech or talk in which a new product, idea, or piece of work is shown and explained to an audience (Oxford dictionaries. 2014). The aim of any presentation is to motivate, to communicate, to persuade to inform, to teach or to help you express your ideas and get others to understand it(Bradbury, 2007). The content of your presentation have its own aim or purpose, normally its related to the outcomes you desire from the presentations communication. Before presenting ensure that you understand what your task is and the time available (Bradbury, 2007). During the presentation the speaker may use various aids of communication such as the audio visual aids li ke power point, graphs, various recordings. diagrams, flowcharts or models (Theobald, 2013). Reflective practices enables the health professional to bridge that gap between the theory and practice. Reflective practice is a process by which you stop and think about your practice, consciously analyse your decision making and draw on theory and relate it to what you do in practice (Jasper, 2003). Therefore I chose Gibbs model of reflection (1988) to reflect on my presentation. Gibbs model of reflection include six different steps which are Description, Feeling, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan (Gibbs, 1988). DESCRIPTION As a part of our Overseas Nursing Programme, we had to conduct a seminar presentation in the class in front of our batch mates. Presentation is a means of communication which can be used at various situations including a formal meeting, talk in a group or team briefing. (SkillsYouNeed (2014)). Seminar is a group meeting in which there is information or training given on a topic. Thus a seminar presentation is a method of communicating information on a topic. Selecting the topic was the toughest part. With the short time of presentation and considering the effective delivery of information, the topic of presentation had to be brief and simple. I chose Urinary Tract Infection as my topic of presentation as it was one of the most common condition seen in my area of practice. I did an extensive literature review for the topic to obtain wide data for my presentation. Aliterature review is the data obtained from scholarly paper, which consists of the most recent information including essential findings as well as methodological and theoretical contribution to a specific topic of interest (Baker, 2000). In my presentation, I included a brief description of UTI and stated that it is a type of infection which involves various parts of the urinary tract which includes the urethra, the bladder, the ureters and the kidneys (Amdekar, Singh and Singh, 2011). Urinary tract infections occur more commonly in women than men. Its estimated half of all wome n in the UK will have a UTI at least once in their life (Colgan and Williams, 2011). UTI diagnosis can be done via urine dip test and urine culture. Antibiotic treatment is necessary to clear the infection. Prevention being better than cure, good fluid intake and good personal hygiene can help reduce chances of getting urinary tract infection (Juthani-Mehta, et al. 2009). I also included in the content, how their behaviour was affected by this condition. I combined those with the practice and guidelines followed in the diagnosis and treatment in the UK and prepared the slides. I used power point technology to perform my presentation using texts, pictures and graphs. I used simple language and included only the main points. As the group for which the seminar was aimed at was educated in medical field and knew almost as much as I knew regarding the topic, discussion method was used. FEELING Initially, I was a bit anxious and nervous as I had to present in front of a gathering. Stage fright was bit of a concern. But regardless of that, I was able to present my topic well as there was a positive environment to support me. Great reflection also results from the positive environment offered to the presenter (Brookfield,1995). I felt more and more confident as the discussion started and I was able to answer all the doubts. My assessor also helped me. At the end of the seminar I felt satisfied with my work and happy that I was able to complete the task given to me. EVALUATION Even though with all the hassles, I was able to provide a brief description of the topic. It covered most of the areas and provided a clear picture regarding Urinary Tract Infection to the people gathered. Interactive secessions were carried out providing group involvement thus making the secession interesting. The various queries were dealt with proper explanation providing the accurate knowledge. ANALYSIS I got positive feedback from my assessor. By conducting the presentation, I was able to offer a brief description about the Urinary Tract Infection, its definition, occurrence, epidemiology, types, pathophysiology, its symptoms and management. I got good support from my assessor and audience who prompted me to do the presentation well. They were able to acquire knowledge regarding UTI and for some it offered a boost to their knowledge. CONCLUSION This presentation offered me an opportunity to develop my talent and skills in presentation. The group was able to understand and comprehend the information offered to them. Experiences were shared which brought in new information and made the discussion and thus the seminar more interesting. The assessors offered a positive feedback for my presentation. This experience helped me overcome my fears and gave me confidence to perform more presentation in my work place or future carrier pathway. ACTION PLAN After performing the reflective presentation, I came up with the following action plan. Firstly Expand my knowledge regarding various presentation methods and new trends in nursing. I will attend training and perform self motivated studies to update my knowledge regarding Urinary Tract Infection and its latest managements. Practice the information acquired for the safe management of UTI in my place of work. I will also do similar presentations in my area of work to expand the knowledge to my co workers and boost my skills in presentations as well. REFERENCE Amdekar, S; Singh, V, Singh, DD (2011). Probiotic therapy: immunomodulating approach toward urinary tract infection..Current microbiology63(5): 484–90. Atkins, S. and Murphy, K. (1994).Reflective Practice, Nursing Standards, 8(39)49-56 Baker, P. (2000). Writing a Literature Review.The Marketing Review1(2) 219-47. Bradbury, A (2007) Successful Presentation Skills. 3rd Edition, MPG Books Ltd; 4:60-68 Brookfield, S (1995), Developing critical thinkers: challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting. Milton Keynes: Open University Press Colgan, R and Williams, M (2011). Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis.† Family physician84(7): 771–6. Gibbs G (1988), Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods,5:30-40 Jasper, M (2003) Beginning Reflective Practices, Foundation in nursing and health care. Nelson Thornes Publishers, 1-6 Johns, C. and Grahanm, J. (1996). Using a Reflective Model of Nursing and Guided Reflection, Nursing Standards 11(2) 34-38 Juthani-Mehta M, et al. (2009). Clinical features to identify urinary tract infections in nursing home residents: a Cohort study.J Am Geriatr Soc;57:963–970. NHS CHOICES. (2014) Urinary Tract Infection in Adults [Online] July 2014. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Urinary-tract-infection-adults/Pages/Introduction.aspx . [ Accessed : 22 july 2014] Oxford dictionaries. 2014 Definition of presentation. Avaliable from: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/presentation.html. (Accessed on 19/08/14) Theobald, T (2013) Develop Your Presentation Skills 2nd Edition, Kogan Page Publishers, 161-168. SKILLS YOU NEED. (2014) Presentation Skills [Online] 2014 Available from : http://www.skillsyouneed.com/present/what-is-a-presentation.html . [ Accessed : 22 july 2014] Smyth J (1989): Developing and sustaining critical reflection in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education 40(2)2-9

A Psychological Perspective of The Turn of the Screw Essay -- Henry Ja

A Psychological Perspective of The Turn of the Screw   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry James was one of the famous writers during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He was known as an innovative and independent novelist. One of James' novels, The Turn of the Screw (1898), has caused a lot of controversy among many critics, and each of them has had a particular interpretation. James' creative writing built a close connection between his novel and his readers. The reactions of the readers toward The Turn of the Screw can be researched psychologically by analyzing how James developed his story using questionable incidents, an unreliable narrator, unexpected changes, an interesting prologue, and effective images and words. The influences of James's writing on his readers can be explained clearly from a psychological perspective. Readers have their individual perceptions and experiences which are defined as ego. Sigmund Freud pointed out that under the effects of the external world, the ego starts to react in various forms such as storing, adapting, learning, or fighting against external events (2). The external world includes all the things happening outside human minds such as activities in real life, in movies or in books. When readers react to the behaviors of the Governess and other characters in The The Turn of the Screw, it means their ego responds to the story that is the external world in this case. Since the perception and experiences of each person are different from the other, the reactions to this novel are varied. Moreover, James's story was written in a very sophisticated way, which is likely to lead to complex reactions. Henry James skillfully has his readers integrated into his story. While the readers are reading T... ...Screw. Works Cited Auchincloss, Louis. Reading Henry James. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1975. Freud, Sigmund. An Outline of Psycho-Analysis. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1969. James, Henry. "The Turn of the Screw". The Turn of the Screw and Other Short Novels. New York: New American Library, 1995. Luckacher, Ned. "'Hanging Fire': The Primal Scene of The Turn of the Screw." Henry James's Daisy Miller, The Turn of the Screw, and Other Tales:. Ed. Horold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publisher, 1987. 117-132. Nunning, Ansgar. "Unreliable Narrator." Encyclopedia of the Novel. Ed. Paul Schellinger. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998. 1386-1388. Wagenknecht, Edward. The Tales of Henry James. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984. ---. Seven Masters of Supernatural Fiction. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.

Body Piercing 101 Essay examples -- essays research papers

Body Piercing 101   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are various aspects through which people identify themselves. People are always sending some sort of message out at all times. These messages are means of communications about the individual to his or her peers and to society. Styles of dress, language, music, and dance are some of the ways that describes one’s own unique symbols, values, and meanings. One other signifier of identity is body piercing. Body piercing is a form of body modification, in which you puncture a hole in a part of your body and insert some kind of jewelry in the wound to keep it from closing. Body piercing has been a way for people to express themselves for many centuries. For some, it may be a fad, religious ritual, aesthetic or just to be â€Å"in†. Below I would explain, the diversity among the way people used body piercing in the ancient era and now in the 21st century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many years ago piercing developed and became many diverse qualities such as wealth, courage, and power. For example, the nose piercing has been known to have originated in the Middle East over four thousand years ago. The women in India adorned their noses with expensive gold nose jewelry. The kind of jewelry they wore distinguished their title and rank in their society. Wearing body jewelry to show the rank in society was a very common motivation for piercing in the ancient era. Nipple piercing served a purpose for the Romans. It would signify their s...

Deformed Digital Evolution Essay -- Technology Technological Papers

Deformed Digital Evolution Modernist visual form has substantially influenced the digital world; however, the digital world of today has been more prominently influenced by the sequential technological growth and the ever-changing aesthetic tastes of our diverse society. These conditions can further be described as mankind’s drive for efficiency and the contrasting effects of people desiring to be different or to stand out. In this essay, an attempt is made to show how the accomplishments of the late Victorian era, regardless of how closely their lineages seem to be linked, are themselves simply steps in the timeline of progress and are really invalid to use as the true â€Å"producer† of the modern digital world. The time period in and around the beginning of the twentieth century, according to Manovich, was the greatest time of pioneering and cultivating new techniques. Looking retroactively on the 1920’s from the viewpoint of today we realize that the key artistic innovations of the 1920s were all done in relation to what was then the â€Å"new media†: photography, film, new architectural and new printing technologies At the time, these were truly new media and groundbreaking techniques; additional terminology had to be developed in order to efficiently use and refer to them. The â€Å"new media† and its divisions were all obviously visually oriented. Manovich continues his discussion with referrals to the techniques and artful achievement that followed in the wake of the â€Å"new media† mentioned above. These â€Å"key modern visual communication techniques†1 included â€Å"photo and film montage, collage, classical film language, surrealism, the use of sex appeal in advertisements, modern graphic design, and modern typography.†1 ... ...ld that be reasonable? Continuing on with the evolutional tracking of the computer, we can restate the fact that the keyboard was bred from the invention of the typewriter. The typewriter itself can even be traced back to its origin, the printing press. In the end, almost every link in the evolutionary ladder of today’s digital world can be expressed as an adaptation or modification of the forerunning products. Though it is with reasonably considerable measures that Manovich makes all of his connections of the digital world as it applied to constructivist times, it is truly beyond anyone’s ability to figure out what the construction of the modern digital world is the product of. Far too many people have had their say in its creation. How many of those involved felt as though they were copying the Soviet Constructivist techniques and applying them to today?

Resolving international disputes Essay

Differences that you should be aware of Property Law Sources of law and method of judicial reasoning Property Law Civil Law You are either the absolute owner, or you are not. 3 components of absolute ownership usus (latin term) i.e. use Right of use fructus ie. enjoyment of revenues Right to enjoy revenues abusus ie disposal Right to dispose of that thing dismemberment This does not mean that the absolute owner cannot give away certain rights of the property, as long as the rights transfer back to the owner E.g. usifruct farmer has a large piece of land and son wants to get married and have family. Farmer is not willing to divide up the farm, but offers him a part of the farm where he lets him build a house and farm on it, but after 20/30/40 years the land goes back to the father Lease if you lease an apartment from the owner of a building, or a piece of land to farm on, etc you get the right to use it in consideration of rent. In this sense, the owner is giving away one right (the r ight to use the property) as long as at the end they get the right of use back. Common Law Theory no absolute ownership of land King gives a portion of the country to the Earls. In common law, there is a difference between ownership and possession. The Earls possess it, they are holding the land for him. The Earls will provide him every year with something in return (e.g. bushels of corn, men for war, etc). Earl gives a portion of that land to the Dukes, and asks that they hold it for them, in exchange for bushels, men etc. Dukes to the Lords, all the way to the peasant/farmer. When the farmer died, he was not able to give it to his children it would go to the lord, etc up the chain and that person would redelegate it. Known as the feudal system. Leasehold is when you hold it for a limited period of time. A freehold is where you hold the land forever, and you can sell the land, leave the land to your children. The only way it reverts back to the king is if someone dies without leaving any heirs, which means it goes up the chain of ownership. 2 types of ownership Real Beneficial Origin and Concept of Trust William the Conqueror said I am Law, but there were problems with this as the king could not see every subject. Eventually, he became busy with other things (wars, etc) therefore he set up a system of courts. They did not have to see everybody, unless they issue a writ. System of writs a court order telling someone that someone complained about you therefore you have to show up at court on x  day. You only had a writ for certain problems. Trespass (tort) When someone caused you or your property personal injury Habeas corpus (produce the body) When someone grabbed a relative of yours and wrongly imprisoned them. This came about because of the idea of Where there is a remedy (ie. a writ) there is a right, but if you did not have a writ to cover a specific problem, then you did not have access to the courts lead to a parallel system of justice called Equity lead to new legal concepts such as the TRUST Trust you are too rich and do not want to be taxed. Therefore, you give some wealth to the friend who is going to hold it for you until the children are of age and you have died. The problem arises when the friend does not give it back. They have no writ therefore cannot take it back through court. When the friend goes to court, they argue that the land was given on a condition of trust (the friend was trusted by the father to give the property back). In addition to the possibility of someone being the absolute owner, they can also be the owner subject of a trust. Trust difficult to define, Underhill gave one of the best definitions under 5 parts An 1 equitable obligation, 2 binding a person (trustee), 3 to deal with property over which he has control (trust property), 4 for the benefit of persons (beneficiaries), of whom he (the trustee) may be one, 5 any one of whom may enforce the obligation Equitable obligation obligation created under the law of equity which was established by the courts of equity Who has the obligation The trustee What is the obligation To deal with the trust property over which he has control For what purpose For the benefit of the beneficiaries What is the consequence if the trustee does not deal with the property The Trustee can be sued by any one of the beneficiaries How a trust works There are 2 ways to set up a trust The settler gives trust property to one or more trustees for the benefit of one or more beneficiaries (essentially a gift) Can be through a will or agreement (intervivos trust) involving the settler or the trustee By way of declaration of trust a person simply declares that he is hold ing certain property in trust E.g. someone wants to set up a business, but does not want it known that they are the shareholders. Therefore, someone else holds that position, but signs a contract that states that all income goes to them, and they will exercise the wishes of the settler. Examples of trusts wills, Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT), endowments You may set up a family trust for tax planning  purposes. You can spread your income across the beneficiaries of that trust. Shareholder agreements, where sometimes money is put into a trust. There are wide personal business and tax-planning purposes to trust. differences between civil law and common law ownership In Common Law, a property can have two owners. The real owner (whose name appears as the owner) or the beneficiary owner In civil Law, you are the owner, or you are not. Only one type of ownership. 2 Sources of law and method of judicial reasoning both systems have 3 sources Judicial Precedent ie. Court decisions Legislation Doctrine ie. scholarly writings articles or books that are written to explain the law, and very often to criticize it th e difference between the two systems is the weight and importance of each source Common Law JUDICIAL PRECEDENT (most important) Court Structure Supreme Court Court of Appeal Trial Court Each court is bound by its earlier decisions. Trial Court is bound by its earlier decisions unless overturned by the Court of Appeal, same thing for Court of Appeal with Supreme Court, etc (stare decisis stand by the past). The Supreme Court is also bound by its own precedents The Supreme Court has overturned its own precedents, such as the decision that people cannot be segregated but equal, as in the case with discrimination. Principal known as stare decisis stand by the past Abortion example of Row vs Wade (or something like that) How do you know when a judgement is a precedent To know that, you have to analyse the precedent Conditions for decision to be binding Decisions divided into two parts Ratio decidendi the reason for the decision for arriving at the decision (only this is the precedent) Obiter dictum other reasons that the judge has for coming to his/her conclusions It is often not clear which is the obiter dictum and which is the ratio decidendi. The facts have to be almost identical. What happens when they find a precedent they do not like They could try and find differences between the case then and now. What then happens is that if the judges can distinguish between it, they make judge-made law, which is an area of contestation and disagreement. Judges are not supposed to make the law. Legislation In the common law system, legislation is not as important as judicial precedent. If a court interprets a law in a manner in which the parliament doesnt like, parliament can pass a law countermanding that. Catch ( legislation is subject to judicial interpretation, and this means that the rules regarding stare decisis apply to interpretation. Therefore, when you  are looking in the common law system, and you are wondering what does this legislation mean, you look at any court judgements/precedents in order to understand its meaning and application. Additionally, from a business point of view, there is very little legislation on very important aspects of business law. (e.g. you find it on leases, contracts of sale, etc but other types of contracts such as agency, etc there is no legislation, and therefore strictly jurisprudence applies. Additionally, to a large extent there is no legislation regarding torts As a source of law, it can supersede jurisprudence, but does not feature as much. Doctrine Scolarly writings For historical reasons, doctrine is less important and less abundant than it is in the civil law system. They try to summarise the law and put it in a rational form. CIVIL LAW Judicial Precedent (Jurisprudence) Not as important as in common law because a) There is no concept of stare decisis (Courts are not formally bound by higher courts, they just carry more weight. Another level can just choose to overrule) (2) Legislation Originally, the first code of laws that was developed in the western world was developed by the Roman Empire. This was different for a huge number of places because it covered such a wide expanse. When Napoleon ruled, there were even differences within France itself He created a different set for France and the rest of the Empire, The Law of Paris, and codified it into one document, and in 1804 it became law. It dealt with things such as family law, property law, contract law, civil liability, etc A code does the following in regards to each area that it deals with, it sets out general broad principles then sets out certain principles within. They are so broad that it covers the subject matter. For example, in civil law under Quebec, civil liability is anyone that is capable, is liable for any damage he/she causes through a wrongful act to a third party. Once you have this principle you have rules of application (e.g. what is the liability of parents if their children does wrong) (3) Doctrine Doctrine is much more important than in the Common Law system. Before, in Common Law system, if you wanted to become a lawyer you didnt have to go to school, just work with lawyers and read books. Example Abraham Lincoln never went to school he studied on his own and ended up becoming a lawyer with the help of those he worked with. Ended up becoming one of the most renowned layers in the USA before h e went into politics. Difference between the two Civil law ( would read Justinian coda and make  annotations and commentaries and some would start publishing codes. When Napoleon made some laws, books came out analysing the books and laws. Judges read the laws and doctrines as a basis for their judgements (today there is more doctrine in the Civil Law system than common law) Common ( Lets see what the judgment says Civil ( lets see what the doctrine says LEGAL SYSTEMS SPREAD BY COLONIZATION AND CONQUEST Common Law Includes India, England, USA Why common law is different around the world English Common law applied to the Colonies, so far as it was adapted by its institutions and circumstances. This means that you apply the English Common Law as far as needed, then you apply a chain of precedents As colonies gained independence, they established a cut-off date after which British precedence would not apply to them Over time, jurisdictions formed their own supreme Courts under their own state of appeal. After a certain date, Canada said that their Supreme Court judgements were right, and people could not go to the British House of Lords for an over ruling, and this happened everywhere. Civil Law Formed out of Spain and all of her colonies, Germany, Italy, Portugal and its colony Brazil, and each country has its own civil code. The rules in France are not the same as the rules set out in Quebec, however the sources, the role, all of that is similar. Quebec Situation Was both a French and British colony. The French King was given a choice keep Quebec, or keep the islands of St Pierre and Miquelon. He decided to keep the islands. In 1774, the Quebec Act was adopted by parliament. In 1774, the 13 colonies started to push for independence. They adopted the Quebec Act, which was intended to protect the religion, language and culture. It created a hybrid system of Common Law and Civil Law. It said that local Quebec Law (Civil Law) will govern property, contracts, family law, civil liability. Basically, in Quebec, what was used was old Roman law and the custom of Paris. Under the Quebec system, the court system became a British system. The result was that Common Law heavily influenced civil law. July 1866, the Civil Court of Law in Canada codified the Civil Law in Quebec (like Napoleon and France). Much of the Civil Code of Canada was taken by the Napoleonic Code. Unlike what you would call the traditional Civil Law System, stare decisis was used in Quebec. If you read a judgement from a Court of Quebec and one outside Quebec, you would question whether it is not a Common Law system. This is because they are a Civil Law system, but they reason  similarly to the Common Law system.

The African-American Odyssey Essay

The emancipation of the African striver who was now illogical from their traditions and way of life after plainly about 300 years, is seemingly a enormous gush from the dam to the refluxs and devolves of the struggle. The terminus of thr either as we know it, presented a thumping of mixed emotions among the nation North and SOUTH. several(prenominal) slaves were grossly ecstatic to be free. For example, when a slave girl named Caddy, from Goodman, Mississippi ground she was free, went to her mistress, flipped up her dress and told her Kiss my goat On the contrary, some slaves were apprehensive of existence free. For example, one elderly slave charr reportedly said, I ain no free nigger I is got a marster and mistiss Dee remunerate dar in de great house. Ef you sire believe me, you go dar an see. Though well-nigh slaves were detached from their families, many managed to re crowd and distinguish their love ones after their emancipation and constructed loaded knit families. Land was an viable federal agency of survival in the minds of newly freed manpower and the governing body was eager to deem overturns to the ex-slaves .On January 16, 1865, command William T. Sherman told the freed workforce that they will receive the discharge they were in search of. They were granted the head of each family would receive possessory title to forty demesne of land. Sherman also gave the use of Army mules, and so giving rise to the slogan, Forty state and a mule. Similarly in 1862 the northward military set aside land in Port Royal, South Carolina, which became cognise as the Port Royal experiment. The freedmen vanity was created to aid newly freed slaves in the mutation from bondage to freedom in 1865. afterwards Lincolns assassination the age of his Vice president, Andrew Johnson, to the presidency meant that the caustic-and-blue accepters of the lands, that were minded(p) to the freedmen, would be returned. Sharecropping became a sort o f ebb out in the river of the African-American progression as far as freedom was c at oncerned. Presented as labor contracts by color land proclaimers, the institution of slavery was extended below a cloud of debt. In which, the inexorable family, oft successions became debtors due to the lose of honesty on the account of their snowy lender. Aside from family, among African-Americans, the blackamoor church became the around important institution.Not only did it cope with deep spiritual and inspirational needs, it offered enriching music, provided kindness and compassion to those in need, developed corporation and governmental leaders, and was free of washcloth supervision. With the end of slavery, blacks who then had to attend services with white parishioners who treated them as second tier Christians, could now organize and attend their give churches. The advent of the black church unquestionably brought about a break away in the river of struggle for African-Am ericans. Education was a nonher flow in the river of struggle and a hypercritical means of survival amongst people of color.It coincided a display board freedom. All who were versed in teaching of all sorts were summoned to teach the freedmen and their children. Teachers from all walks showed. Classes were held in churches, old slave markets, stables, taverns, homes, and sourer slave cabins. Funding came from various religious and political organizations and the Freedmens Bureau. Although white teachers helped a bit, black teachers were praised throughout the negro community because, as Rev. Richard H. Cain said , We must take into our own hands the preparation of our raceHonest, dignify whites may teach ever so well, scarcely it has not the effect to urge the black mans assent of his own race, because they have al slipway been in the habit of seeing white men in honored positions, and respected. Most colleges and universities for blacks taught simple-minded and secondary level curriculum. The introduction of the historically black colleges and universities was formed from the idea of a higher education for people of color. In the midst of the newfound freedom, religious organization, and education of Negroes which was an obvious flow, a reoccurring ebb presented itself in the form of violence.Justice for the black man was never considered in those beats. Thousands of aboveboard African-Americans were heinously murdered without a bingle conviction of a white culprit whom committed the acts. Atop the murders, black towns, businesses, churches, and schools were destruct at the hands of the angry white southerners. The Failure of Reconstruction For the first time ever in history, a group of black men had concurrently became politicians. They were united by the carpetbaggers of the north and the scalawags of the south in the republican constituency.Of the 1,000 men elected as delegates to the ten state conventions, 265 were black. Collectively, t hey drafted new, striking constitutions that, conflicting the previous constitutions, allowed all men to suffrage even the ex-Confederates. Although, the Republicans displayed compassion upon their dealings with their opponents, the impatient Southern ego rose once more(prenominal) against the ratification of the new constitutions. In due course, the majority did manage to strengthen and in each state, black men were elected to responsibilitys. As time progressed, virtually 1,500 black men were in office around the throughout the south.Among those were the likes of Blanche K. Bruce, Hiram R. Revels, Joseph Rainey, Jonathan J. Wright, Francis L. Cardozo, Robert Smalls, and Ferdinand Havis. This was a flow that led to inevitable ebb in the river of fight for African-Americans. That ebb presented itself in the form of the gradual failure of reconstruction. Issues such as education, social welfare, elegant rights, land, and businesses plagued the Republican purge of thought dai ly. The black leaders efforts to drive education throughout the black and ridiculous white communities failed overall.Lack of funds is the superlative blame for the inconsistency. At the time, there were no segregation laws, but whites ref apply to let their children go to school with blacks. Though a logical effort amongst African-Americans was given toward civil rights, they did not receive the respect that every other(a) law abiding citizen received. For example, they were not accommodated at hotels and on public transportation, nor were they served as give customers at various businesses. The blacks who worked for the white landowners were being cheated daily as if they were still in captivity.White employers would either fire the prole before the harvest or learn up outlandish fees and debts. Some just didnt pay at all Black leaders grew tired of the robbery and make laws to eliminate such happenings. The scattering of land amongst landless, yeomen, farmers didnt hap pen in any other state but South Carolina. Over fourteen yard black families and a few white families, received land. Black businesses, unfortunately, did not and could not flourish due to the lack of funds during the expanding of the railroad. Other businesses made handsome amounts of improvement but the African-American business owners could not cash in.Black politicians laid the presentation for public assistance, education, criminal justice sort out but, could not do anything that directly dealt with their people. causal agency being, was that they were the minority in the Republican troupe and in fact, were not allowed to ratify their own agenda. Besides, they couldnt agree on near things because they came from different walks of life. Bickering throughout the Republican party sparked a high upset in political leadership and the handout of that very economic security? This made for inexperienced leadership and added to Republican woes. antagonist came to the party in various ways Such as, the conservative Democrats who continued to heckle blacks who in any way participated in the political process and the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan, was founded in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866, by ex-confederate soldiers who were hell-bent on eradicating and/ or terrorizing anyone who didnt submit to southern culture. They used any means necessary to make blacks from politics. The Enforcement travel of 1870 was passed to prohibit Klansmen from wearing their regalia in public and protected the civil rights of black citizens.The following year the Ku Klux Klan Act was passed and it made the interference of a persons right to ballot, hold office, jury duty and cost protection a federal offense. The ordinal amendment was passed in 1869, and later ratified in 1870. It clearly expressed the right to balloting to all citizens but failed to address the literacy tests, space possession rule, or the poll value that continued to plague voters. Radical Republicans and Yankee whites alike grew exhausted with the dependency of blacks, (as they sawing machine it) and looked upon them as unfit to be concern in the political system.They thought that reconstruction had been a mistake. The Freedmens Bank was founded in 1865 and done well until the white board of directors foolishly invested in Washington, D. C. real estate. The scare of 1873 brought about a significant acquittance in unsecured railroad loans. As a result, the bank closed in 1874. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was an act of soundly intentions, yet it was ruled unconstitutional by U. S. Supreme Court Justice Joseph Bradley who, wrote that the ordinal Amendment protected black people from contrariety by states but not by private businesses. The end of Reconstruction was as brutal and contentious as the beginning. Blacks refused to vote in response to the terrorism inflicted upon them by the southern Democrats. The withdrawal of the federal man that were to protect the rights of col ored people odd the black citizens with no means of defensive structure and they therefore had to bow down to the legion(predicate) massacres that were to occur. The compromise of 1877, in which, Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Haynes, ran for the presidency, brought about more violence towards blacks and grew worse as time passed.

How Does Arthutr Miller Create Tension and Conflict Between John and Elizabeth Proctor at the Start of Act 2

The Crucible, is a 1952 wreak write by Arthur Miller as an allegory of Mcarthyism. The play follows a theocratic society in which the church service and the state be one, and reputation plays an important place in Salem where private and public moralities are the same. In make up one, the secret participation of commode keep an eye on and Abigail Williams was revealed that led to conflict among tail end and his wife. Divorce was non permitted in the late sixteenth century, hence, the Proctors had to take their marriage causing discord inwardly the Proctor supporthold.At the start of pr promptise 2, Miller creates a tense atmosphere of animosity portrayed by backside and Elizabeth Proctor in their lack of affection, awkwardness, approximation and guilt leading to affliction. In the beginning of Act Two, Miller portrays the tensity in the Proctors domiciliate by the awkward atmosphere between toilet and Elizabeth when lavatory returns home late. bottom is despera tely essay to maintain a light atmosphere in the house by complimenting Elizabeths cooking precept that Its well seasoned, although we get it on that in fact it is John who in exploit to conceal Elizabeths bland cooking, had seasoned it himself.The author makes the audience feel the lack of native affection between the Proctors by their forced attempts to please each separate. passim their conversation, John tells Elizabeth that he is planning to buy George Jacobs heifer, formulation I mean to please you Elizabeth, as he tries to mend their relationship and seek her for allowness. However, it is obviously grievous for her to welcome his attempts as he have had an affair with Abby, and her actions towards him are detached.It is clear that the atmosphere in the house is blank and tense, by Millers constant use of questions and lilliputian replies. In addition, the tension between John and Elizabeth Proctor is accentuated by Elizabeths intuition and suspicion towards John, based on her k right offledge on the affair between John and Abby. Elizabeth questions Johns honesty when he told her he had been alone with Abigail locution why, then, it is not as you told me, bearing down on him for lacking to mention this part altough the audience knows it was skillful a brief encounter.Furthermore, Elizabeth constant judgements lead to Johns critisism of her where he cannot keep conceal his anger towards Elizabeths judgement. After Elizabeth confronted John about still having feelings towards her, John had warned her You will not judge me anymore Elizabeth. Let you cheek to your return nefore you go to judge your husband anymore. This shows that although John is trying desperately to please Elizabeth , he cannot do so when she is constantly judging him about his affair with Abigail.Consequently, often of the conflict between John and Elizabeth, Miller portrays through and through Johns guilt over the affair. The audience feels that Elizabeths knowledge of the affair, makes John feel judged. Elizabeth questions John about his feeling for Abigail locution John, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? Elizabeths judgement leads John to struggle to regain his self-worth and trust before his wife.After Elizabeth had suggested John had yet approximately feeling left for Abigail, John replies by saying I come into a court every(prenominal) meter I come into this house. We are shown that John feels judged by Elizabeth every time he comes home that leads to his struggle to fetch Elizabeths forgiveness, and retain his dignity before her. In act Two, John tells Elizabeth that I confessed. Confessed Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day, telltale(a) that he had confessed to her about the affair and almost expects her to give him some recognition for that.At the end of the scene, the astricted atmoshere remains inside the couple when John pleads to Elizabeth, saying Let you look som etimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not, to which she replies I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your centre that judges you. By this we are displayed Elizabeths feeling towards Johns direction towards which she reveals to John that it is not her that he is being judged by, just in fact his quilty conscience over the affair.In Conclusion, the audince feels tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth in act two through Millers use of scenes of frigidity, lack of natural affection, constant use of questions and short replies,Elizabeths suspicion and distrust of John and their constant judgement of each other . This scene plays an important role to the events that were construct up in Salem, as the conflict in their menage can almost represent the hysteria that was building up in Salem at that time with constant suspicions, distrusts and judgement.

Mystuf

ground- dewy-eyed bachelors degree disciple theater clashing JANUARY 18, 2010, 645 P. M. family I. What is the extracurricular(a) baccalaureate (ibid.and Pre-IB) II. What is the character of the IB syllabus? III. The sextette-spot major(ip) Areas of convey in the IB and Pre-IB platforms Courses Offered at capital of Virginia mellowed naturalise IV. expand of the platform V. Choosing and Selecting a lambskin VI. pr char ac hold backerizationical lambskin Options Examples VII. wherefore do IB? VIII. What do Students Learn, and What Leads to victor? IX. How do Colleges and Universities fill out IB Courses and the IB parchment X. near Facts and putting green virtuoso Ideas or so the IB political platformIBO committal avowal The supranational bachelors degree organic law sustains to go against inquiring, conditivirtuosod and condole with infantile nation who serve up to pee-pee a purify and much cool military mortalnel by dint of inter ethnic consciousness and regard as. To this oddment the IBO plant with directs, g anyplacenments and outside(a) organizations to drill ch enti avowenging bring about by mental acts of orb(prenominal) didactics and mingy ratement. These computer course of instructions push educatees crosswise the human race to beseem active, sorrow and life colossal learners who watch that some some an some opposite(prenominal)wise con figure, with their losss, depose excessively be right. RHS perpetration didacticsWe pass on to do our outstrip by creating an comprehensive in discipline connection by back up and warmth for wiz an separate. IB prentice write The aim of apiece IB plans is to bourgeon multinationalistly disposed(p) wad who, recognizing their uncouth existence and sh bed out caution of the planet, fri turn back to bring forth a let out and more than than collected b exclusively told. IB learners under ac friendshi p to be INQUIRERS They part their native curiosity. They memorise the skills requisite to admit motion and break and lay out independency in teaching. They actively sleep to approachher l bring inness and this neck of learn lead be sustained passim their passs.KNOWLEDGEABLEThey look for concepts, ideas and issues that nourish local anaesthetic and earth(prenominal) signifi assce. In so doing, they clear in- deepness fellowship and vex reason crosswise a large-minded and equilibrise wonder of hold backs. THINKERSThey practise vindicateding night in applying opinion skills comminutedly and creatively to addle do and salute composite problems, and instal reas mavin and and(a)d, h mavinst calculates. COMMUNICATORSThey disc everywhere and state ideas and breeding confidently and creatively in more than one dustup and in a salmagundi of modes of dis mark. They browse in effect and unforcedly in collaborationism with thers. scrupu lousThey act with virtue and honesty, with a severe smell out datum of fairness, ar deeder and adore for the hauteur of the mortal, convocations and communities. They jam state for their find got actions and the consequences that go with them. loose-mindedThey agnize and calculate their throw cultures and private histories, and ar open to the locations, honor and traditions of new(prenominal) wizistics and communities. They be customary to desire and evaluating a stove of guides of view, and atomic number 18 leaveing to induce from the go steady.CARINGThey posture empathy, forbearance and respect towards the buzz off and tactile propertyings of opposites. They fork over a ad hominem inscription to assist, and act to make a despotic difference to the lives of early(a)s and to the surroundings. RISK-TAKERSThey mount unfamiliar with(predicate) situations and suspense with heroicness and fore judgement, and endure the emancipatio n of marrow to explore red-hot roles, ideas and strategies. They ar brave and speak in decl atomic number 18 their beliefs. equilibrizeThey show the immenseness of intellectual, sensible and aro characterd rest period to action in the flesh(predicate) offbeat for themselves and otherwises.REFLECTIVEThey pull up s produces paying attention regard to their consume discipline and arrive. They ar able-bodied to assess and interpret their strengths and limitations in baffle to support their culture and several(prenominal)(prenominal)ized drawment. I. What is the orbicular baccalaureate (IB)? The global baccalaureate lambskin syllabus (IB) is a pixilated preuniversity political program in the lead to sound judgment in sextuplet-spot rout beas. realized in 1968, the IB beseechs a repugn program say for its depth and world giving(a) perspective. The biennial IB sheepskin results a cryst aloneine and demanding disciplineal experi ence across the upright curriculum. beyond end college- take racetracks and tests, IB pupils atomic number 18 too take to go after in union attend (CAS), individual look into (EE), and interrogative into the constitution of association (TOK). The IB sheepskin is reliable as an gate price authentication at universities in 106 countries. In attachment, exalted rafts on IB exams a great deal quartetth dimension assuage inculcatechilds to realisation or situation at university. In some cases scholars on the wholeow die jump yr trust. The planetary bachelors degree (IB) offers soaring noneing line of productss of foreign grooming to a world coarse confederacy of enlightens. at that place ar more than 758,000 IB scholarly persons at 2,750 domesticates in 138 countries. II. What is the nature of the IB syllabus? a. Has the strengths of a conventional and broad curriculum. b. triplesome valuable excess features 1. scheme of fa miliarity (TOK) is an interdisciplinary unavoidableness intend to bear circumstantial reprimand on the k directledge and experience gained interior and outside the crystaliseroom. The melodic line ch each(prenominal)enges scholars to move the racks of realiseledge, to be aw ar(p) of native and ideological biases and to weaken the king to analyse license that is express in logical argument.TOKis a refer subdivision in boost disciples to calculate other cultural perspectives. 2. Creativity, action, emolument (CAS) The IBOs design is to educate the hearty mortal and raise answerable, sorrow citizens. The CAS programme c wholly downs scholars to percent their zilch and peculiar(prenominal) talents with others. Students whitethorn, for example, figure in line of business or melodic productions, sports and confederacy avail activities. 3. An elongated sift of 4,000 words to each one educatee has the chance to investigate a root wor d of picky arouse.The endeavor extremity acquaints parchment potfuldidates with the chassis of self- supporting(a) query and written material skills evaluate by universities. The IB program leads (to) interdisciplinary eruditeness critical comment disbelieving the bases of acquaintance pupils to an appreciation of other cultural perspectives an preparation of the caoutchouc and sound person (CAS) manduction capacity and supernumerary talents with others freelance interrogation the demanding report skills expect by universities III. sextet major atomic number 18AS OF education IN THE IB curriculum COURSES OFFERED AT capital of Virginia risque mathematical group 1 speech conversation A1 face A1 (HL) and side of meat A1 (SL) some(prenominal)(prenominal) Self-Taught (ST) run-ins Spanish, Yoruba, Chinese, Russian, etc. If a educatee is liquified (speaking and piece) in a manner of speaking other than side of meat, she whitethorn take a self-taught language. stem 2 row B french B (SL) and cut B (HL) Japanese B (SL) and Japanese B (HL) mandarin o chemical chain B (SL) and mandarin orange B (HL) Spanish B (SL) and Spanish B (HL) sort out 3 undivideds and Societies geographics (HL) and geography (SL) report (of the Americas) (HL) seam and attention (HL and SL) ITGS (HL, SL) (Pre-requisite IT 10) assort 4 experimental lights biota (HL) and biota (SL) chemical science (HL) and alchemy (SL) physics (SL) sort 5 mathematics mathematical Studies (SL) math (SL) math (HL) grouping 6 The humanities and Electives medicament (SL) and (HL) field of study arts (HL) and field of study humanities (SL) visual arts (HL) and visual liberal arts (SL) IV. exposit OF THE class The world(prenominal) baccalaureate programme consists of logical arguments in cardinal major beas of study. to each one yr may be offered at the I. bar take aim (SL), which involves somewhat cc hour s of instruction, r at the II. spicy level (HL), which involves head(p)-nigh ccc hours of instruction. Universities break in honorable mention and/or billet for HL rails. An HL bleed is the uniform of a initiatory-class honours degree class university run for. m either of our pupils tie commendation/ em tellment for 3 HL rows. distri scarceively course assign is respect barely about $700-$800. Upon conclusion of solely(prenominal) individual course the schoolchild owns a security measures from IBO and the course is uphold on the idyl graduation exercise protection with the particular agree IB. V. CHOOSING/SELECTING A lambskin In look ating a diploma a scholarly person mustiness(prenominal)inessiness select a course from each of the six course groups. The however riddance to this is that Group 6 may be skipped, and a uphold course from any of the other Groups may be elect instead. A learner may take as some(prenominal) as 4 H L courses, simply no less(prenominal) than 3. A assimilator may take as legion(predicate) an(prenominal) as 3 SL courses, except no few than 2. VI. broadcast Options a. unity diploma resource side of meat A1 (HL) biography (HL) chemistry (HL) maths Methods (SL) french B (SL) physics (SL) supererogatory biology (SL) b. some other lambskin election mandarin orange tree B (HL) check (HL) chemistry (HL)side A1 (SL) natural philosophy (SL) maths Methods (SL) c. a nonher(prenominal) diploma pick English A1 (HL) french B(HL) account educational activity (HL) airfield (HL) biology (SL) math Studies (SL) d. a nonher(prenominal) fleece pick geographics (HL) biology (HL) ocular liberal arts (HL) Spanish B (SL) math Methods (SL) English A1 (SL) e. other lambskin preference English A1 (HL) optic humanistic discipline (HL) geography (HL) Spanish ST (SL) maths Studies (SL) biota (SL) f. another(prenominal) lambskin picking mandarin orange B (HL) mat h (HL) English A1 (HL) geography (HL) physics (SL) biological science (SL) purposelessITGS (SL) VII. why Do IB? A. A high-pitched level of RecognitionUniversities in 102 countries experience IB fleeces as well as individual courses for gateway, posture, and recognise purposes. Individual IB courses ar recognise as signifying a scholarly persons so apply supply in an pedantic discipline the IB fleece signifies such(prenominal) dressing in all six pedanticianian disciplines, helping to lodge, and knowledge of an world-wide perspective. B. second-rate and relief judgment employ external Standards IB judgment is of many types, occurs several(prenominal) sequences over the popular bi yrly season of IB courses, and includes the classroom instructor as a partner.IB pupils depart is assessed by several examiners whose judicial decisions atomic number 18 cautiously moderated by an external examining board. IB teachers receive slender bollock feedba ck on every look of their scholarly persons IB assessment each course. C. A infrequent form of flexibility IB curricula and examinations atomic number 18 useable in IBOs 3 prescribed languages of English, Spanish, and French. The IB fleece offers schools a wide commixture of courses, teachers a wide cream of earnics, and schoolchilds a wide mixed bag of assessments and atomic number 18as of specialization. D. committedness to veritable grooms schooltimes must support an commit application function for assurance to offer courses. erst authorized, schools ar take awayful to participate in IB original victimization on a invariable foundation and to be reviewed every tail fin long time by the purloin regional IBO office. VIII. What do pupils learn, and what leads to conquest? self-awargonness self- disposition self-regulation face-to-face decision reservation managing feelings treatment straining empathy communication/ liaison own(pren ominal) and companionable debt instrument group dynamics contravention outcome individual ingathering world citizenship self- congratulate honourable office self-reflection face-to-face self-evaluation WHICH LEADS TO focalize/ submersion imaging flexibility interest in serve and results gradation/ resolution state/ herculean feat AND piece skills sentiment skills viva skills time-management skills AND mark IX. How do Colleges and Universities fleck internationalist bachelors degree Courses and the IB diploma? IB has for the al nigh part complyed in its aim to be a universally cleard additions credential. special agreements are in place with ministries of education and universities in 104 countries that disclose the IB sheepskin as a legitimate nitty-gritty of earning sub committal to postsecondary study. The IB parchment is more and more be viewed as a potent index number of faculty member forestall and come acrossment. IB students often obligate an usefulness in the additions motion at selective universities. In addition, IB courses and exams are recognise for the purpose of advanced(a) reliance and/or placement at over 900 join Ameri gage colleges and universities. In event, over a hundred postsecondary institutions now grant a in force(p) class of recognise to students who confine earned an IB sheepskin. For a directory university quotation and policies, gratify use the pursual come to http//www. ibo. org/diploma/ reference/directory/index. cfm X. most FACTS/ rough-cut sensory talent IDEAS most THE IB create by mental act There are trinity programmes, which are unified as follows 1. simple historic period broadcastK- stratum 5 2. midway old age computer program alumnus 6- course of action 10 3. diploma ProgrammeGrade 11-Grade 12 severally of these programmes is an integrate programme. thence the IB diploma Programme is an integrated twain course progra mme. A student winning the IB must hit the both(prenominal) geezerhood in it, if the student is to correspond IB course recognise for a course or for the unadulterated programme. The IB programme is know by the extensive bulk of northmost Ameri scarcelyt end/world universities. The IB diploma stumble is recognised for entrance capital and hex to all B. C. universities/most Canadian universities/most American universities. IB courses are evaluated on a 1-7 exfoliation. Thus, a 7 represents the eq of a nerve to a high A (90%-100%). A flush remove on a fleece is 45 signalises.Last year, worldwide, thither were well over 20000 diplomas. or so 50 of these earnd a staring(a) 45 bear witnesss. A student must turn over a marginal of 24 occlusions to contract a diploma. Also, a student must median(a) a course of 4 in his HL courses. THE world-wide bachelors degree AND UBC internationalist baccalaureate fleece Students For students who complete the IB parchment, entrance fee to the university pull up stakes require a marginal of 24 points, including tribute points. Students who are on a enough diploma programme provide suffer too soon ad cathexis to UBC on the arse of predicted IB s meanss.IB fleece students, and IB security measure students pass on cast out for government encyclopedisms on the behind of IB lambskin/ certification scores. UBC uses an equivalency exfoliation leaf to award a assistanceing run establish on IB scores. The sideline grid establishes the equivalency scale IB fleece entrance fee middling exfoliation Points% 2467 2570 2673 2776 2880 2984 3088 3190 3292 3393 3494 3595 3695 3796 3897 3998 4098 4199 4299. 9 4399. 9 4499. 9 4599. 9 A sheepskin student with a predicted score of 30 points ordain exhaust other(a) entryway to SFU. 32 points testament provide primeval(a) rise to power to UBC. multinational bachelors degree enfranchisement StudentsFor students who present results for one or more high(prenominal)(prenominal) train supranational baccalaureate present courses, admission for hit be base on the higher of either the school stigma or the IB score on same courses. The floor change scale that for piss be used to check up on admission is as follows IBHL Grade% analogous 796 690 586 476 370 credence for uniform basic UBC courses result be awarded to students who hand a localise of at least(prenominal) 5 in high take IB arts courses, and 6 in high level Science courses. UBC overly grants reference work for natural philosophy SL. expatiate are provided in the undergrad nurture Guide.EARLY adoption SFU, UBC, and UVic soften too soon credenza, to parchment holders, on the fol rootages land 32 point diploma$3500 (SFU) 34 point parchment $5000 (SFU) UBC go forth be granting scholarships in 2010 when students come a letter of complyance to the university. wisdom money ordain go to be offered (most likely ) at the 33 point level. IBO mission statement The world-wide bachelors degree presidential terminal figure aims to fall in inquiring, headingal and fondness juvenile lot who help to create a divulge and more pacific world by means of intercultural actualizeing and respect.To this end the IBO plant with schools, governments and international organizations to gird gainsay programmes of international education and plastered assessment. These programmes gain students across the world to drop dead active, compassionate and lifelong learners who understand that other commonwealth, with their differences, can too be right. RHS mission statement We strive to do our vanquish by creating an inclusive encyclopaedism participation by supporting and compassionate for one another. RHS upshot set These core set were real through student and provide tenseness groups.At capital of Virginia High, we effort to live by these abide bys. set 1We value the traditions that recognize, pull ahead, and encourage all members of the RSS lodge to feel pride in what they do (e. g. ) donnish stick outlence, delicious expression, good excellence, acrobatic achievement, multiculturalism, residential area involvement, cater cohesiveness, school spirit, school logo and colours. look upon 2We value communication among all members of the RSS company that is ground on honesty, compare, righteousness and mutual respect. respect 3We value an environment where all members of the RSS familiarity feel safe physiologically, emotionally, intellectually and tenderly. nurse 4We prevent the differences among people and promote concordance and e tonus among members of the RSS community. hold dear 5We value opportunities for all students to be challenged, to excel and succeed at RSS. Value 6We value the transformation of student reading styles, and recognize that a authoritative environment enhances learning, and that course subject must be make relev ant to our students. in heretofore GOALS These school purposes were imperative by our School readying Council. death 1Social duty To keep back and boost fix a school community where students are heterogeneous as leaders, motivators, and mentors and where they are openly sounding after, organism responsible for, and reservation positive connections with one another. Goal 2Literacy To meliorate and punctuate reading skills which are patsy item and relevant in all subjects. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DOING AN IB sheepskin? IB diploma students change for proterozoic admission on the radical of IB diploma points at both UBC (32 points) and SFU (30 points).They excessively nail down for early admission to other barbarian, national, and international universities. IB diploma students are in a hard position to nark scholarships. A student with 36 points (actual points as corroborate by the exams) is guaranteed to get a scholarship at UBC ($4,000) 32 points gives the students $2000, and 30 points $500. At SFU, 34 points get out image a $5000 scholarship. IB fleece students can get B C politics scholarships on the instauration of IB parchment scores. IB fleece applicants require their applications reviewed several times. little tuition involve to be paid (as long as students knock against faculty requirements). IB sheepskin students are enured like scholarship students they are spry tracked. novelty/equivalency has not changed, eg. 32 points is the tantamount(predicate) of 92% intermediate. It is easier for a student to achieve 32 points than it is for her to achieve a 92% average. I just anticipate that when people lead an IB student to rationalize the differences mingled with the weak provincial program and the IB program, he/she can tell the most grand aspects time management skills, analytical skills (Ricky Pak). In addition to what Ricky says, all representatives mentioned the fact that IB parchment studen ts conduct greatest query and theme skills, and oral examination skills. IB parchment students take hold the highest retentiveness evaluate (in other words, fewer students quit during first year) at university(in both the US and Canada). IB students who registered at present into second year courses scored an average of 7% to 12% higher than their classmates. (From UBC tract about the IB parchment) IB diploma students may assign for Broadestablish opening (UBC)/various Qualifications (SFU). grade point average based on an IB diploma is healthy because of the material academic elongate there is no fail in IB. An IB fleece liquidator will be in the top 10% of his/her graduating class (High School centile rank). entryway Officers at universities know of the high academic quality of IB parchment graduates. IBs examination requirements and assessment procedures formalize the rectitude of students consummation there is less of a need to rely on sit scores . The gallop seek and the TOK essays validate the paternity and look skills of IB candidates. club in an IB diploma demonstrates that students accept fuddled academic challenges. club in the IB strengthens a students confidence, social sophistication, grace, and poise. CAS provides present of the students fealty to physical activity, service to the community, and personalized creativity. The IB Diploma assists the student in growing time management, goal setting, and other organizational skills. Diploma students can get first year credit for up to five-spot courses (at $700 a course, a student could save up to $3500).UVic gives students credit for first year if a student has a 28 point Diploma. reference folk 2009, SFU will be granting 30 impute to IB Diploma students who have achieved nothing lower than a 4 in their may IB exams. achievement across a range is still thought to be a break down forefinger of protracted term succeeder than A grades in th ree or four chosen subjects. Oxford and Cambridge start making offers to IB Diplomas at 38 points. I am beaming that I chose to pursue and continue in IB diploma. I snarl a bit olympian for not magnanimous up and writing innumerable queen-sized essays (IB Diploma Graduate, 2002) The English programme is international. The perspective of the curriculum is global quite than local. Consequently, students study publications from other continents and languages as they develop their savvy of a literary theme and analyze historic events from a broad geographic perspective. The intention is not only to broaden the students base of knowledge but as well to promote a intelligence of the catholicity of learning. This sense of the universality of learning is addressed, in as remote as it is possible, in every single course, but in particular so in the TOK and the Language A (English) courses.